{"id":1120,"date":"2018-05-03T10:12:28","date_gmt":"2018-05-03T10:12:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nzjz.wpengine.com\/2018\/05\/03\/dan-planeta-zemlje\/"},"modified":"2021-05-19T06:57:21","modified_gmt":"2021-05-19T06:57:21","slug":"dan-planeta-zemlje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nzjz-split.hr\/en\/dan-planeta-zemlje\/","title":{"rendered":"Dan planeta Zemlje"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dan planeta Zemlje obilje\u017eava se 22. travnja na svim kontinentima brojnim doga\u0111anjima posve\u0107enim o\u010duvanju i za\u0161titi okoli\u0161a u cilju za\u0161tite prirodnih bogatstava te kako bi se skrenula pozornost na opasnost koja prijeti zbog\u00a0 globalnog one\u010di\u0161\u0107enja. U sklopu ovogodi\u0161njeg obilje\u017eavanja Dana planeta Zemlje 2018. \u0161irom svijeta posebna pozornost bit \u0107e posve\u0107ena zaustavljanju one\u010di\u0161\u0107enja okoli\u0161a plastikom.<\/p>\n

kako vi sami mo\u017eete pridonijeti o\u010duvanju planeta?<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u201eSve \u0161to \u010dini\u0161 Zemlji, zadesit \u0107e i sinove Zemlje … Zemlja ne pripada \u010dovjeku: \u010dovjek pripada Zemlji … Brinite za Zemlju kao \u0161to smo brinuli i mi … \u010cuvajte je za va\u0161u djecu i volite je!\u201c (Poglavica Seattle, vo\u0111a plemena Indijanaca Duwamish, 1854. g. Pismo o za\u0161titi prirode)<\/em><\/p>\n

Dan planeta Zemlje obilje\u017eava se 22. travnja na svim kontinentima brojnim doga\u0111anjima posve\u0107enim o\u010duvanju i za\u0161titi okoli\u0161a u cilju za\u0161tite prirodnih bogatstava te kako bi se skrenula pozornost na opasnost koja prijeti zbog\u00a0 globalnog one\u010di\u0161\u0107enja.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Povijesni po\u010deci obilje\u017eavanja Dana planeta Zemlje se\u017eu u 1970<\/strong>. kada su u Sjedinjenim Ameri\u010dkim Dr\u017eavama odr\u017eane prve masovne demonstracije za za\u0161titu okoli\u0161a.
1992<\/strong>. godine Konferencija UN-a o okoli\u0161u i razvoju u Rio de Janeiru objavila je program za promicanje odr\u017eivog razvoja.
Na prijedlog bolivijske vlade 2009. godine Op\u0107a je skup\u0161tina UN-a 22. travnja proglasila me\u0111unarodnim Danom planeta Zemlje kako bi se ukazalo na va\u017enost o\u010duvanja i za\u0161tite prirode i okoli\u0161a.<\/p>\n

U Hrvatskoj se Dan planeta Zemlje organizirano obilje\u017eava od 1990. godine.<\/p>\n

U sklopu ovogodi\u0161njeg obilje\u017eavanja Dana planeta Zemlje 2018. \u0161irom svijeta posebna pozornost bit \u0107e posve\u0107ena zaustavljanju one\u010di\u0161\u0107enja okoli\u0161a plastikom<\/strong><\/em>. Plasti\u010dni otpad je \u0161iroko rasprostranjen i\u00a0 predstavlja\u00a0 rastu\u0107i globalni izazov s negativnim utjecajima na okoli\u0161, gospodarstvo i ljudsko zdravlje. Plasti\u010dno one\u010di\u0161\u0107enje u sredi\u0161tu je istra\u017eivanja okoli\u0161a tijekom posljednjih nekoliko desetlje\u0107a, osobito u odnosu na makro-plastiku koja je lako vidljiva golim okom.\u00a0 Plastika je nezamjenljivi materijal dana\u0161njice i ne postoji podru\u010dje \u017eivota u kojem je ne mo\u017eemo na\u0107i. Zbog svojih svojstava i niske cijene postala je sveprisutna u mnogim predmetima i materijalima, pa tako je nalazimo kao mikrogranule u kozmeti\u010dkim preparatima (pilinzi za tijelo, zubne paste, gelovi za tu\u0161iranje), u proizvodima za \u010di\u0161\u0107enje, za transport,\u00a0 proizvodima za jednokratnu upotrebu, u gra\u0111evinarstvu, medicini i elektronici. Kao ambala\u017eni materijal, jeftina je i lagana te pridonosi o\u010duvanju namirnica i produljenju trajanja prehrambenih proizvoda. Lak\u0161a ambala\u017ea omogu\u0107uje manju potro\u0161nju goriva za transport.<\/p>\n

U svijetu se svake minute proda milijun plasti\u010dnih boca od \u010dega se reciklira samo 14 %, a velika koli\u010dina zavr\u0161i u svjetskim morima pa su i najudaljeniji krajevi na planetu postali zaga\u0111eni plastikom koja ugro\u017eava \u017eivot u moru i posljedi\u010dno \u010dovjeka koji jede plastikom kontaminiranu hranu. Plastika se u moru pod utjecajem UV zraka sunca, djelovanjem vjetra i valova usitnjava u sve manje i manje dijelove do veli\u010dine mikro (< od 5 mm) ili nanoplastike (< od 1\u03bcm). Ovakve mikro\u010destice su netopljive u vodi i neprobavljive morskom \u017eivotu, te nerijetko zavr\u0161avaju u hranidbenom lancu te tako dospijevaju i na stol \u010dovjeka. Sam utjecaj mikroplastike na ljudsko zdravlje se jo\u0161 istra\u017euje. U Europi se godi\u0161nje proizvede oko 25,8 milijuna plasti\u010dnog otpada, a na svjetskoj razini izme\u0111u 5-13 milijuna tona plastike zavr\u0161i u moru.<\/p>\n

Europska komisija je 16. sije\u010dnja 2018. u Strasbourgu objavila europsku strategiju za upravljanje plasti\u010dnim otpadom<\/strong>. Strategija o plastici dio je paketa o kru\u017enom gospodarstvu, a cilj joj je da se do 2030. godine sva plasti\u010dna ambala\u017ea reciklira te ograni\u010di njena jednokratna uporaba. Strategija ima 3 cilja. Prvi<\/strong> cilj je osigurati da se do 2030. godine sva plasti\u010dna ambala\u017ea mo\u017ee reciklirati i to na tro\u0161kovno u\u010dinkovit na\u010din, drugi<\/strong> je smanjiti koli\u010dinu plastike za jednokratnu uporabu, poput plasti\u010dnih \u010da\u0161a i pribora za jelo, slamki, vre\u0107ica, balona itd. jer ona \u010dini polovicu otpada u moru ili na obali. Tre\u0107i<\/strong> cilj je zabraniti uporabu mikroplastike, plasti\u010dnih dijelova manjih od pet milimetara. Tako\u0111er, novim pravilima o lu\u010dkim ure\u0111ajima za prihvat rje\u0161avat \u0107e se problem otpada u moru, uklju\u010duju\u0107i mjere kojima \u0107e se osiguravati da se otpad nastao na brodovima ili prikupljen na moru ne ostavlja ondje, nego da se vrati na kopno i da se ondje njime gospodari na odgovaraju\u0107i na\u010din. Koliko je bitna takva strategija pokazuju i podaci Komisije, prema kojima Europska unija 29 % plasti\u010dnog otpada koristi za proizvodnju energije spaljivanjem, 31 % zavr\u0161ava na odlagali\u0161tima, a 30 % se reciklira. Problem s plastikom u Europi postao je sve zabrinjavaju\u0107i nakon \u0161to je Kina, svjetski lider u recikliranju otpada, po\u010detkom ove godine prestala uvoziti plasti\u010dni otpad. Posljedice takve odluke mogu biti dosta ozbiljne jer je EU tamo izvozila 85 % svoga plasti\u010dnog otpada, a Sjedinjene Ameri\u010dke Dr\u017eave 51 %.<\/p>\n

2016. g. je u \u010dasopisi Science objavljeno istra\u017eivanje znanstvenika iz Japana s Kyoto Tehnolo\u0161kog Instituta i sa Sveu\u010dili\u0161ta Keio koji su otkrili bakteriju Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6<\/strong> koja je prirodno evoluirala i po\u010dela se hraniti plastikom.<\/p>\n

Novo znanstveno otkri\u0107e, objavljeno u \u010dasopisu Proceedings britanske Nacionalne akademije znanosti, o strukturi enzima<\/strong> koji proizvodi bakterija Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6 prona\u0111ena na japanskom odlagali\u0161tu otpada. Znanstvenici su otkrili detaljnu strukturu enzima polyethyleneterephthalate<\/strong> koji proizvodi ta bakterija. Me\u0111unarodni tim znanstvenika analizirao je enzim kako bi otkrili kako je nastao, no nehotice su molekulu u\u010dinili jo\u0161 u\u010dinkovitijom u razgradnji polietilentereftalata, odnosno PET-a koji se koristi u proizvodnji plasti\u010dnih boca. Ovom enzimu mutantu treba nekoliko dana da po\u010dne razgra\u0111ivati plastiku – \u0161to je neusporedivo manje od stotina i stotina godina potrebnih da se plastika razgradi u moru.<\/p>\n

Vjeruje se da \u0107e ovo otkri\u0107e zna\u010dajno doprinijeti o\u010duvanju okoli\u0161a i smanjenju one\u010di\u0161\u0107enja okoli\u0161a plastikom jer se vi\u0161e ne\u0107e morati za proizvodnju nove plastike koristiti nafta (za 1 kg PET-a, za plasti\u010dne boce treba utro\u0161iti 1,9 kg nafte!), a ve\u0107 upotrijebljena plastika \u0107e se mo\u0107i razlagati u potpunosti na osnovne sastojke i ponovo upotrebljavati za proizvodnju novih plasti\u010dnih proizvoda.<\/p>\n

Po obujmu, plasti\u010dni otpad \u010dini vi\u0161e od 30% ku\u0107nog otpada.<\/p>\n

Recikliranjem<\/strong> plastike se \u0161tede resursi i energija te manje one\u010di\u0161\u0107uje zrak.\u00a0 Recikliranje je najbolja opcija gospodarenja plasti\u010dnim otpadom, no kada recikliranje vi\u0161e ne predstavlja odr\u017eivu opciju, alternativa je energijska oporaba. Obje opcije gospodarenja plasti\u010dnim otpadom nadopunjuju se i omogu\u0107uju iskori\u0161tavanje plasti\u010dnoga otpada na najbolji mogu\u0107i na\u010din. Plasti\u010dna ambala\u017ea se odvojeno skuplja u \u017eutim spremnicima postavljenim na javnim povr\u0161inama te u recikla\u017enim dvori\u0161tima. U njih treba odlo\u017eiti:
1.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Polietilenske vre\u0107ice, folije, filmove, mjehurastu ambala\u017eu \u2013 na sebi mogu imati oznake: PE-HD, PE-LD, PP i sl.
2.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Boce od jestivog ulja, destilirane vode, sredstava za \u010di\u0161\u0107enje i pranje, kozmetike, lijekova (osim citostatika), prehrambenih proizvoda i sl. \u2013 na sebi mogu imati oznake: PE- HD, PE-LD, PP i sl.
3.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u010ca\u0161e i posude od jogurta, sira i sl. – mogu imati na sebi oznake: PS, PP
4.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Pjenastu ambala\u017eu od koje su izra\u0111eni podlo\u0161ci za prehrambene proizvode, za\u0161titnu ambala\u017eu od stiropora za razne prehrambene proizvode \u2013 na sebi mogu imati oznaku EPS i sl.
5.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Ostale proizvode od plastike: boce za osvje\u017eavaju\u0107e napitke, \u010depove, plasti\u010dne tanjure, pribor za jelo i sl. \u2013 na sebi mogu imati oznake:\u00a0 PE-HD, PP, PVC, PS, PET i sl.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Literatura:<\/strong>
1.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Zakon o za\u0161titi okoli\u0161a RH, NN 110\/07, NN80\/13, NN153\/13, NN 78\/15, NN12\/18
2.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0www.greenpeace.org\/croatia\/hr\/Kutak_za…\/Breme-plastike-za-europski-okoli\/ pregledano 12.4.2018.
3.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Europska strategija o plastici, od 18.01.2018.
4.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/environment\/pubs\/pdf\/factsheets\/7eap\/hr.pdf<\/a>
5.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Strategija i akcijski plan za\u0161tite prirode Republike Hrvatske za razdoblje od 2017. do 2025. godine, NN 72\/2017
6.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0A bacterium that degrades and assimilates poly(ethylene terephthalate), Shosuke Yoshida1,2,*, Kazumi Hiraga1, Toshihiko Takehana3, Ikuo Taniguchi4, Hironao Yamaji1, Yasuhito Maeda5, Kiyotsuna Toyohara5, Kenji Miyamoto2,\u2020, Yoshiharu Kimura4, Kohei Oda1,\u2020,Science\u00a0 11 Mar 2016:Vol. 351, Issue 6278, pp. 1196-1199
7.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Characterization and engineering of a plastic-degrading aromatic polyesterase, Harry P. Austin, Mark D. Allen, Bryon S. Donohoe, Nicholas A. Rorrer, Fiona L. Kearns, Rodrigo L. Silveira, Benjamin C. Pollard, Graham Dominick, Ramona Duman, Kamel El Omari, Vitaliy Mykhaylyk, Armin Wagner, William E. Michener, Antonella Amore, Munir S. Skaf, Michael F. Crowley, Alan W. Thorne, Christopher W. Johnson, H. Lee Woodcock, John E. McGeehan and Gregg T. Beckham,PNAS April 17, 2018. 201718804; published ahead of print April 17, 2018.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0
Branka Jur\u010devi\u0107 Zidar, dr. med., univ. mag. epi.,<\/strong>
specijalista epidemiologije<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dan planeta Zemlje obilje\u017eava se 22. travnja na svim kontinentima brojnim doga\u0111anjima posve\u0107enim o\u010duvanju i za\u0161titi okoli\u0161a u cilju za\u0161tite prirodnih bogatstava te kako bi se skrenula pozornost na opasnost koja prijeti zbog\u00a0 globalnog one\u010di\u0161\u0107enja. U sklopu ovogodi\u0161njeg obilje\u017eavanja Dana planeta Zemlje 2018. \u0161irom svijeta posebna pozornost bit \u0107e posve\u0107ena zaustavljanju one\u010di\u0161\u0107enja okoli\u0161a plastikom. kako […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4538,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nekategorizirano"],"yoast_head":"\nNZJZ SD\u017d - Dan planeta Zemlje<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Slu\u017ebene internet stranice Nastavnog Zavoda za javno zdravstvo Splitsko-dalmatinske \u017eupanije.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nzjz-split.hr\/en\/dan-planeta-zemlje\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NZJZ SD\u017d - 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