{"id":27978,"date":"2025-09-01T14:04:47","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T12:04:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nzjz-split.hr\/?p=27978"},"modified":"2025-09-03T13:32:57","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T11:32:57","slug":"skolska-torba-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nzjz-split.hr\/en\/skolska-torba-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160kolska torba"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\u0161kolska<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0160kolsko razdoblje vrijeme je intezivnog tjelesnog i psihi\u010dkog razvoja u kojem je dijete izlo\u017eeno nepovoljnim vanjskim utjecajima koje treba prepoznati i ukloniti kako bi sprije\u010dili mogu\u0107e poreme\u0107aje tjelesno – psihi\u010dkog razvoja. Pravilan izbor te\u017eine, veli\u010dine i oblika \u0161kolske torbe jedan je od na\u010dina kojim mo\u017eemo prevenirati i sprije\u010diti nepovoljno djelovanje vanjskih \u010dimbenika na tjelesni razvoj djeteta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Procjena medicinskih stru\u010dnjaka i preporuke o rasponu te\u017eine \u0161kolske torbe kako bi se izbjegla bol u donjem dijelu le\u0111a i problemi vezano za ko\u0161tano mi\u0161i\u0107ni sustav kre\u0107u se od 5 do 10 % tjelesne te\u017eine djeteta do maksimalno 15 % tjelesne te\u017eine, iznad \u010dega te\u017eina \u0161kolske torbe \u0161tetno djeluje na ko\u0161tano mi\u0161i\u0107ni sustav i razvoj. Kod pojedinih smjernica maksimalno dozvoljena te\u017eina \u0161kolske torbe povezuje se sa specifi\u010dno\u0161\u0107u tjelesne gra\u0111e i izdr\u017eljivosti djeteta sli\u010dno kao i kod pocjene izdr\u017eljivosti sporta\u0161a. Za dijete uredne konstitucije i s pravilnim no\u0161enjem \u0161kolske torbe prikladna te\u017eina od 10 % tjelesne te\u017eine,  zna\u010di da dijete prosje\u010dne te\u017eine od 21 do 25 kg polaskom u \u0161kolu ne bi smjelo nositi torbu te\u017eu od 2 do 2,5 kg. U razdoblju brzog rasta, osobito kod adolescentnog zamaha treba voditi ra\u010duna o poja\u010danom stresu na donji dio le\u0111a i te\u017eina \u0161kolske torbe (ruksaka) svakako treba biti ispod 10 % tjelesne te\u017eine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U Sjedinjenim Ameri\u010dkim Dr\u017eavama prema smjernicama Ameri\u010dkog pedijatrijskog dru\u0161tva i Udru\u017eenja \u0161kolske medicine preporu\u010dene te\u017eine variraju od 15 do 20 % tjelesne te\u017eine, europske smjernice daju limit do 10 % tjelesne te\u017eine, a kanadski pregled literature na temelju epidemiolo\u0161kih, fiziolo\u0161kih i biomehani\u010dkih podataka ukazuje na opravdanost smjernica od 10 do 15 % tjelesne te\u017eine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osim te\u017eine \u0161kolske torbe bitan \u010dimbenik koji \u0107e smanjiti optere\u0107enje i bol u le\u0111ima odgovaraju\u0107a je veli\u010dina i oblik \u0161kolske torbe koja mora sezati od nekoliko centimetara ispod vrha lopatica do nekoliko centimetara  iznad struka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naramenice torbe moraju biti \u0161iroke, podesive i dobro postavljene kako bi te\u017eina torbe bila ravnomjerno raspore\u0111ena na oba ramena. Kod manje djece za pobolj\u0161anje ravnote\u017ee i smanjenje pritiska na osjetljive mi\u0161i\u0107e vrata i ramena, trebalo bi poticati kori\u0161tenje opasa\u010da ili remena torbe \u010dime se te\u017ei\u0161te i optere\u0107enje prenosi na zdjelicu. Duljinu naramenica treba prilagoditi tako da torba sjedi visoko na le\u0111ima i blizu kralje\u017enice, a kako bi se izbjegao neravnomjerni pritisak i omogu\u0107ilo ispravno stajanje, sadr\u017eaj torbe treba biti raspore\u0111en na na\u010din da najte\u017ee predmete stavljamo bli\u017ee djetetovim le\u0111ima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzroci kri\u017eobolje u djece mogu biti ozljede kostiju, zglobova, spondiloza, deformacije kralje\u017enice, nepravilno tjelesno dr\u017eanje, poreme\u0107aj rasta i sl., no naj\u010de\u0161\u0107i uzroci koji se jednostavnim preventivnim mjerama mogu ukloniti jesu sjedala\u010dki na\u010din \u017eivota, lo\u0161e dr\u017eanje i te\u0161ke \u0161kolske torbe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brojne studije pokazuju da te\u0161ka \u0161kolska torba izaziva bol u le\u0111ima koja se godinama poja\u010dava, dovodi do nepravilnog tjelesnog dr\u017eanja, promjena u prirodnim krivuljama kralje\u017enice, umora i naprezanja mi\u0161i\u0107a, te \u010detverostruko pove\u0107ava vjerojatnost bolova u le\u0111ima u odrasloj dobi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prema podacima Slu\u017ebe za \u0161kolsku i sveu\u010dili\u0161nu medicinu Splitsko-dalmatinske \u017eupanije u zadnjem petogodi\u0161njem razdoblju ukupan broj djece s nepravilnim tjelesnim dr\u017eanjem kretao se od 25 do 28 %, dok je strukturalne deformacije kralje\u017enice imalo oko 6 % djece \u0161to ukazuje na va\u017enost izbora \u0161kolske torbe prikladne veli\u010dine i te\u017eine, s ciljem pobolj\u0161anja zdravlja, sigurnosti i dobrobiti u\u010denika i jedan je od prioriteta roditelja i \u0161kolskih ustanova koji trebaju zajedni\u010dki djelovati.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedna od najva\u017enijih mjera u smanjenju optere\u0107enja ko\u0161tano-mi\u0161i\u0107nog sustava nadzor je roditelja nad izborom, te\u017einom i sadr\u017eajem \u0161kolske torbe, te primjena \u0161kolskih strategija s ciljem  smanjenja te\u017eine \u0161kolske torbe do 10 % tjelesne te\u017eine djeteta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0161kolska<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Smjernice za roditelje:<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Kod biranja \u0161kolske torbe (ruksaka) prije svega trebate voditi ra\u010duna da su va\u0161a djeca modno osvije\u0161tena i osjetljiva na pritisak vr\u0161njaka, pa trebaju sudjelovati u izboru \u0161kolske torbe koju \u0107e rado nositi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Nemojte poku\u0161ati u\u0161tedjeti novac kupnjom velike \u0161kolske torbe kako bi je dijete koristilo vi\u0161e \u0161kolskih godina ve\u0107 torba mora biti prikladna visini djeteta i ne smije prelaziti iznad djetetovih ramena kako ne bi do\u0161lo do pada djeteta pri naginjanju prema naprijed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Naramenice torbe trebaju biti podesive tako da torba ne visi preko stra\u017enjice djeteta, ve\u0107 treba sezati do iznad struka djeteta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Torba treba biti izra\u0111ena od nepropusnog, laganog materijala, bez metalnih dodataka, s podstavljenim stra\u017enjim dijelom zbog udobnosti i s vi\u0161e odjeljaka kako bi se sadr\u017eaj torbe jednostavnije slo\u017eio i ravnomjerno rasporedilo optere\u0107enje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Redovito kontrolirajte i \u201cpro\u010distite\u201d sadr\u017eaj \u0161kolske torba, budu\u0107i da djeca \u010desto nose nepotrebne stvari, te ih upozorite da ne nose torbu preko jednog ramena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.  Redovito pitajte svoje dijete da li mu no\u0161enje \u0161kolske torbe izaziva umor ili bol, trnce ili gubitak osjeta u rukama, bol i uko\u010denost u vratu, crvene oznake na ramenima, pa se uz kontrolu te\u017eine \u0161kolske torbe savjetujte sa \u0161kolskim lije\u010dnikom kako bi se ustanovio razlog simptoma i bolova ko\u0161tano mi\u0161i\u0107nog sustava va\u0161eg djeteta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Ukoliko va\u0161e dijete svakodnevno nosi veliki broj knjiga i pribora potrebno je savjetovati se s u\u010diteljicom \/ u\u010diteljem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. \u0160kolske torbe s produ\u017eenom ru\u010dkom i kota\u010dima nisu preporu\u010dljive zbog optere\u0107enja jedne strane tijela koja \u201cpovla\u010di\u201d torbu i izazivaju bol u ramenu, te mogu dovesti do ozljeda i nesre\u0107a uslijed opasnosti pri hodanju po cesti i plo\u010dniku, kod neravnog terena i stepenica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Smjernice za \u0161kolu:<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Na razini Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i mladih potrebno je voditi ra\u010duna o \u0161kolskom planu i programu, a na razini \u0161kole o \u0161kolskom rasporedu kako bi broj i te\u017eina knjiga tijekom tjedna bila ujedna\u010dena (po potrebi blok sat).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Ukoliko je mogu\u0107e, u \u0161kolama u\u010denicima osigurati prostor ili ormari\u0107e za pohranu barem dijela knjiga i pribora s obzirom da je za ugradnju ormara potrebno osigurati sredstva, prostor i odr\u017eavanje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Pove\u0107ati upotrebu modernih tehnologija i informatizacije uklju\u010duju\u0107i elektronske i online <\/em>sadr\u017eaje paze\u0107i na negativne aspekte kori\u0161tenja ra\u010dunala i sjedala\u010dkih aktivnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Osigurati higijenske uvjete i mogu\u0107nost pijenja vode iz slavine, a uz potporu lokalne zajednice dijeljenje \u0161kolskih u\u017eina kako bi se smanjio sadr\u017eaj \u0161kolske torbe, a ujedno i prevenirale nepravilne prehrambene navike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Nastavnici trebaju dati jasne upute o \u0161kolskim materijalima za sljede\u0107i dan i poticati no\u0161enje radnih listova, a ne kompletnih radnih bilje\u017enica i ud\u017ebenika. Problem te\u0161kih \u0161kolskih torbi treba rje\u0161avati kao dio strategije sveobuhvatnog o\u010duvanja zdravlja aktivnom suradnjom i edukacijom roditelja, \u0161kolskog osoblja i djece.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Doc. prim. dr. sc. \u017deljka Karin, dr. med., univ. mag. med., spec. \u0161kolske medicine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slu\u017eba za \u0161kolsku i adolescentnu medicinu NZJZ SD\u017d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0160kolsko razdoblje vrijeme je intezivnog tjelesnog i psihi\u010dkog razvoja u kojem je dijete izlo\u017eeno nepovoljnim vanjskim utjecajima koje treba prepoznati i ukloniti kako bi sprije\u010dili mogu\u0107e poreme\u0107aje tjelesno – psihi\u010dkog razvoja. Pravilan izbor te\u017eine, veli\u010dine i oblika \u0161kolske torbe jedan je od na\u010dina kojim mo\u017eemo prevenirati i sprije\u010diti nepovoljno djelovanje vanjskih \u010dimbenika na tjelesni razvoj djeteta. Procjena medicinskih stru\u010dnjaka i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":23739,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-javnozdravstvene-teme"],"yoast_head":"\nNZJZ SD\u017d - \u0160kolska torba<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Slu\u017ebene internet stranice Nastavnog Zavoda za javno zdravstvo Splitsko-dalmatinske \u017eupanije.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nzjz-split.hr\/en\/skolska-torba-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NZJZ SD\u017d - \u0160kolska torba\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Slu\u017ebene internet stranice Nastavnog Zavoda za javno zdravstvo Splitsko-dalmatinske \u017eupanije.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/nzjz-split.hr\/en\/skolska-torba-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"NZJZ SD\u017d\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NzjzSdz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-01T12:04:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-03T11:32:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/nzjz-split.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/skolska_torba_1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2121\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1414\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marijana\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marijana\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/skolska-torba-3\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/skolska-torba-3\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Marijana\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e52cad7bfa5529dac02f3b50be5905b5\"},\"headline\":\"\u0160kolska torba\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-01T12:04:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-03T11:32:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/skolska-torba-3\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1200,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/skolska-torba-3\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/skolska_torba_1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Javnozdravstvene teme\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/skolska-torba-3\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/skolska-torba-3\\\/\",\"name\":\"NZJZ SD\u017d - \u0160kolska torba\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/skolska-torba-3\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/skolska-torba-3\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/skolska_torba_1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-01T12:04:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-03T11:32:57+00:00\",\"description\":\"Slu\u017ebene internet stranice Nastavnog Zavoda za javno zdravstvo Splitsko-dalmatinske \u017eupanije.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/skolska-torba-3\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/skolska-torba-3\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/skolska-torba-3\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/skolska_torba_1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nzjz-split.hr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/skolska_torba_1.jpg\",\"width\":2121,\"height\":1414,\"caption\":\"Backpack with different colorful stationery on table. 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