{"id":29407,"date":"2026-04-02T08:10:50","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T06:10:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nzjz-split.hr\/?p=29407"},"modified":"2026-04-14T11:16:04","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T09:16:04","slug":"peludna-prognoza-i-peludni-kalendar-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nzjz-split.hr\/en\/peludna-prognoza-i-peludni-kalendar-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Peludna prognoza i peludni kalendar"},"content":{"rendered":"

U fokusu aerobiolo\u0161kih istra\u017eivanja su: aeroalergeni – \u010destice biolo\u0161kog podrijetla koje se pasivno prenose zrakom, \u010dimbenici okoli\u0161a koji utje\u010du na njihovo otpu\u0161tanje i rasprostiranje te u\u010dinak aeroalergena na \u010dovjeka i okoli\u0161. Me\u0111u ovim su \u010desticama, obzirom na brojnost i alergena svojstva, najzna\u010dajnije spore gljiva, bakterije, virusi, fragmenti algi i li\u0161ajeva te pelud alergenih biljaka. Ovi inhalatorni alergeni me\u0111u vode\u0107im su uzro\u010dnicima alergijskih bolesti dana\u0161njice i predstavljaju zna\u010dajan javnozdravstveni problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Simptomi i ja\u010dina alergijskih reakcija uzrokovanih peludom alergenih biljaka ovise o alergijskom potencijalu i koncentraciji peluda u zraku. Uz alergijski potencijal, da bi neka biljna svojta bila alergena, moraju biti zadovoljena jo\u0161 tri va\u017ena uvjeta: rasprostranjenost i brojnost biljke, produkcija i otpu\u0161tanje peluda u velikim koli\u010dinama te opra\u0161ivanje vjetrom (anemofilija). Za ve\u0107inu biljnih svojti i geografska podru\u010dja nije odre\u0111en to\u010dan broj peludnih zrnaca potreban za pojavu simptoma alergije pa su na temelju dosada\u0161njih istra\u017eivanja korelacije koncentracije peluda sa alergijskim reakcijama, alergene biljke svrstane u botani\u010dke skupine (drve\u0107e, trave i korovi) i izra\u010dunati kriteriji za ocjenu razine njihovog peluda u zraku (Tablica 1.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tablica 1<\/strong>. Kriteriji za ocjenu razine peluda u zraku<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Razina peluda<\/strong><\/td>Koncentracija peluda (pz\/m3<\/sup>)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
drve\u0107e<\/strong><\/td>trave<\/strong><\/td>korovi<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
niska<\/strong><\/td>1 – 15<\/strong><\/td>1 – 5<\/strong><\/td>1 – 10<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
umjerena<\/strong><\/td>16 – 90<\/strong><\/td>6 – 20<\/strong><\/td>11 – 50<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
visoka<\/strong><\/td>91 – 1500<\/strong><\/td>21 – 200<\/strong><\/td>51 – 500<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
vrlo visoka<\/strong><\/td>> 1501<\/strong><\/td>> 201<\/strong><\/td>> 501<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nastavni zavod za javno zdravstvo Splitsko-dalmatinske \u017eupanije prepoznao je va\u017enost kontinuiranog pra\u0107enja razina alergenog peluda te je 2005. opremljen volumetrijskim Hirst<\/em>-ovim ure\u0111ajem za uzorkovanje biolo\u0161kih \u010destica i postao dio nacionalne i europske mre\u017ee aerobiolo\u0161kih mjernih postaja. Glavni je cilj aerobiolo\u0161kog monitoringa pru\u017eanje pravovremenih informacija svim zainteresiranim stranama o vrstama i razinama peluda prisutnog u zraku. Podatci prikupljeni i obra\u0111eni kvalitativnom i kvantitativnom analizom temelj su za izradu peludne prognoze tijekom cijele godine i peludnog kalendara na kraju godine. Prognoza se, u obliku alergijskog semafora, izra\u0111uje prema kriterijima za procjenu razine peluda na osnovi prosje\u010dnih dnevnih koncentracija i prevladavaju\u0107ih meteorolo\u0161kih uvjeta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peludni kalendar grafi\u010dki prikazuje po\u010detak, trajanje, zavr\u0161etak te intenzitet cvjetanja i opra\u0161ivanja najzastupljenijih alergenih biljaka tijekom jedne peludne sezone. Podlo\u017eni su varijacijama, jer produkcija peluda ovisi o meteorolo\u0161kim uvjetima u prethodnoj sezoni i u sezoni cvjetanja i opra\u0161ivanja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peludna prognoza, uz opis alergenih biljaka, svakodnevno se objavljuje na internetskim stranicama Zavoda i mobilnoj aplikaciji PeludnaPrognoza portala Pliva zdravlje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na splitskom podru\u010dju, na kojem prevladavaju tipi\u010dni mediteranski klimatski i geografski uvjeti, najzna\u010dajnije alergene biljke su: maslina, crkvina, trave, ambrozija (visoki alergijski potencijal), platana i jasen (umjereni do visoki alergijski potencijal), \u010dempres, hrast crnika, grab, kostela (umjereni alergijski potencijal) te bor (niski alergijski potencijal). Najdu\u017eu peludnu sezonu imaju \u010dempresi i crkvina, koje se ovisno o klimatskim uvjetima sezone, mogu opra\u0161ivati cijelu godinu. \u010cempresi djeluju kao dimnjaci zbog otpu\u0161tanja ogromnih koli\u010dina peluda I najzastupljenija su alergena vrsta peludnog spektra. Najkra\u0107e su peludne sezone masline, platane i kostele koje u vrlo kratkom razdoblju dose\u017eu visoke razine peluda. Maslina se unato\u010d kratkoj peludnoj sezoni smatra jednim od najzna\u010dajnijih alergena na podru\u010dju Mediterana, dok se na svjetskoj razini najzna\u010dajnijim alergenom smatraju trave zbog velike rasprostranjenosti i raznolikosti. Borovi otpu\u0161taju pelud u izuzetno velikim koli\u010dinama i kratkom vremenskom periodu \u0161to mo\u017ee prouzro\u010diti mehani\u010dke iritacije. Pelud ambrozije, kao jedan od najsna\u017enijih prirodnih alergena zna\u010dajan je za dalmatinsko zale\u0111e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klimatske promjene, kojima i sami svjedo\u010dimo, imaju izravan utjecaj na fiziolo\u0161ke cikluse biljaka; cvjetanje i otpu\u0161tanje peluda sve je ranije i intenzivnije pa se pelud smatra bioindikatorom klimatskih promjena. Dokaz je tome zna\u010dajan, skoro osmerostruki, porast godi\u0161njeg peludnog indeksa na podru\u010dju na\u0161e \u017dupanije u razdoblju od 2005. – 2023. Budu\u0107i se Mediteran smatra najosjetljivijim podru\u010djem na koje klimatske promjene imaju sna\u017ean utjecaj, i na na\u0161em se podru\u010dju mo\u017ee o\u010dekivati daljnji porast koli\u010dine alergenog peluda u zraku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zbog svega navedenoga, interpretacija rezultata aerobiolo\u0161kog monitoringa od iznimne je koristi onom dijelu populacije koja pravovremeno zapo\u010detim antialergijskim tretmanom mo\u017ee umanjiti i \/ ili u potpunosti izbje\u0107i simptome alergija.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sezona peludnih alergija zapo\u010dinje ve\u0107 po\u010detkom godine, cvjetanjem \u010dempresa, \u010dija je pelud u zraku prisutna od sije\u010dnja. S dolaskom toplijih i sun\u010danijih dana peludni spektar postaje sve bogatiji. Prolje\u0107e donosi najintenzivnije razdoblje cvjetanja i opra\u0161ivanja biljaka \u010dija pelud ima razli\u010dit stupanj alergijskog potencijala – od niskog do visokog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peludni kalendar splitskog podru\u010dja pouzdan je vodi\u010d kroz sezonu peludnih alergija, osmi\u0161ljen kako bi alergi\u010dnim osobama pomogao u svakodnevnom planiranju i pravodobnoj za\u0161titi zdravlja. Izra\u0111uje se na kraju svake kalendarske godine te grafi\u010dki prikazuje po\u010detak, trajanje, zavr\u0161etak i intenzitet peludnih sezona pojedinih biljnih vrsta. (Peludni kalendar<\/em><\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na temelju svakodnevnih mjerenja koncentracije alergenog peluda u zraku te pra\u0107enja meteorolo\u0161kih uvjeta izra\u0111uje se peludna prognoza, prikazana kroz alergijski semafor. Ona omogu\u0107uje brz i jednostavan uvid u razinu izlo\u017eenosti alergenima. (Peludna prognoza<\/a><\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Korisnicima je na raspolaganju i pregled naju\u010destalijih alergenih biljaka splitskog podru\u010dja, s opisima koji olak\u0161avaju prepoznavanje izvora tegoba i bolje razumijevanje peludne sezone. (Alergene biljke<\/a><\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peludna prognoza i peludni kalendar nezaobilazni su alati za sve koji \u017eele pravodobno ubla\u017eiti simptome alergija, planirati boravak na otvorenom, smanjiti izlo\u017eenost alergenom peludu i unaprijediti kvalitetu \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dr. sc. Mirna Mami\u0107, prof. biol.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slu\u017eba za zdravstvenu ekologiju NZJZ SD\u017d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"Pelud,<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

U fokusu aerobiolo\u0161kih istra\u017eivanja su: aeroalergeni – \u010destice biolo\u0161kog podrijetla koje se pasivno prenose zrakom, \u010dimbenici okoli\u0161a koji utje\u010du na njihovo otpu\u0161tanje i rasprostiranje te u\u010dinak aeroalergena na \u010dovjeka i okoli\u0161. Me\u0111u ovim su \u010desticama, obzirom na brojnost i alergena svojstva, najzna\u010dajnije spore gljiva, bakterije, virusi, fragmenti algi i li\u0161ajeva te pelud alergenih biljaka. Ovi inhalatorni […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4252,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-javnozdravstvene-teme"],"yoast_head":"\nNZJZ SD\u017d - Peludna prognoza i peludni kalendar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Slu\u017ebene internet stranice Nastavnog Zavoda za javno zdravstvo Splitsko-dalmatinske \u017eupanije.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nzjz-split.hr\/en\/peludna-prognoza-i-peludni-kalendar-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NZJZ SD\u017d - 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